This is a README file for a data repository originating from the DCML corpus initiative and serves as welcome page for both
the GitHub repo DCMLab/jc_bach_sonatas and the corresponding
documentation page https://dcmlab.github.io/jc_bach_sonatas
For information on how to obtain and use the dataset, please refer to this documentation page.
When you use (parts of) this dataset in your work, please read and cite the accompanying data report:
Hentschel, J., Rammos, Y., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2025). A corpus and a modular infrastructure for the empirical study of (an)notated music. Scientific Data, 12(1), 685. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04976-z
Johann Christian Bach – Keyboard Sonatas (A corpus of annotated scores)#
This corpus of annotated MuseScore files has been created within the DCML corpus initiative and employs the DCML harmony annotation standard.
Johann Christian, the “London Bach,” pioneered an impressive number of compositional innovations that were soon to become ubiquitous in the Classical style. In particular, he laid significant groundwork for the development of the symphony, contributing harmonic expectations to the new sonata-allegro form and experimenting with independent melodies in wind instruments. Though he wrote relatively little for solo keyboard, the sonatas in this repository are no less pivotal. Working with an early form of the pianoforte called a “Hammerflügel,” Bach leveraged the harmonic flexibility of this instrument, as well as its ability to produce subtly detailed and balanced textures, to produce an outstanding technical exemplar for sonata composition. It is very easy to perceive in this music the influence Bach had on his student Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and indeed, three of Mozart’s early concertos (those of K.107) are in fact orchestrations of sonatas found in this repository, Bach’s op. 5 nos. 2-4.
The two volumes collected in this repository are op. 5 and op. 17. The former was composed around the time of Bach’s arrival in London, prior to his appointment as music master to Queen Charlotte, while the latter appeared shortly before Bach died indebted at 46. Both volumes demonstrate a clever combination of instrumental flash and tuneful clarity whose influence upon the Classical style is palpable. Our annotations of these works are ideal for quantifying exactly what those Classical expectations are in their purest form.
Getting the data#
download repository as a ZIP file
download a Frictionless Datapackage that includes concatenations of the TSV files in the four folders (
measures,notes,chords, andharmonies) and a JSON descriptor:clone the repo:
git clone https://github.com/DCMLab/jc_bach_sonatas.git
Data Formats#
Each piece in this corpus is represented by five files with identical name prefixes, each in its own folder. For example, the first movement of the first sonata op. 5 no. 1 has the following files:
MS3/wa01op05no1a_Allegretto.mscx: Uncompressed MuseScore 3.6.2 file including the music and annotation labels.notes/wa01op05no1a_Allegretto.notes.tsv: A table of all note heads contained in the score and their relevant features (not each of them represents an onset, some are tied together)measures/wa01op05no1a_Allegretto.measures.tsv: A table with relevant information about the measures in the score.chords/wa01op05no1a_Allegretto.chords.tsv: A table containing layer-wise unique onset positions with the musical markup (such as dynamics, articulation, lyrics, figured bass, etc.).harmonies/wa01op05no1a_Allegretto.harmonies.tsv: A table of the included harmony labels (including cadences and phrases) with their positions in the score.
Each TSV file comes with its own JSON descriptor that describes the meanings and datatypes of the columns (“fields”) it contains, follows the Frictionless specification, and can be used to validate and correctly load the described file.
Opening Scores#
After navigating to your local copy, you can open the scores in the folder MS3 with the free and open source score
editor MuseScore. Please note that the scores have been edited, annotated and tested with
MuseScore 3.6.2.
MuseScore 4 has since been released which renders them correctly but cannot store them back in the same format.
Opening TSV files in a spreadsheet#
Tab-separated value (TSV) files are like Comma-separated value (CSV) files and can be opened with most modern text
editors. However, for correctly displaying the columns, you might want to use a spreadsheet or an addon for your
favourite text editor. When you use a spreadsheet such as Excel, it might annoy you by interpreting fractions as
dates. This can be circumvented by using Data --> From Text/CSV or the free alternative
LibreOffice Calc. Other than that, TSV data can be loaded with
every modern programming language.
Loading TSV files in Python#
Since the TSV files contain null values, lists, fractions, and numbers that are to be treated as strings, you may want
to use this code to load any TSV files related to this repository (provided you’re doing it in Python). After a quick
pip install -U ms3 (requires Python 3.10 or later) you’ll be able to load any TSV like this:
import ms3
labels = ms3.load_tsv("harmonies/wa01op05no1a_Allegretto.harmonies.tsv")
notes = ms3.load_tsv("notes/wa01op05no1a_Allegretto.notes.tsv")
Version history#
See the GitHub releases.
Questions, Suggestions, Corrections, Bug Reports#
Please create an issue and/or feel free to fork and submit pull requests.
Cite as#
Hentschel, J., Rammos, Y., Neuwirth, M., & Rohrmeier, M. (2025). A corpus and a modular infrastructure for the empirical study of (an)notated music. Scientific Data, 12(1), 685. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04976-z
License#
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
File naming convention#
wa(?<warburton>\d{2})
op(?<op>\d{2})
no(?<no>\d)
(?<movement>[a-d])_
(?<name>\S+)
Overview#
file_name |
measures |
labels |
standard |
annotators |
reviewers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wa01op05no1a_Allegretto |
82 |
120 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1.), Ehsan Mohagheghi Fard (2.3.0) |
AN, EF |
wa01op05no1b_Tempo_di_Minuetto |
74 |
149 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Ehsan Mohagheghi Fard (2.3.0) |
AN, EF |
wa02op05no2a_Allegro_di_molto |
111 |
262 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Amelia Brey (2.3.0) |
AB, AN |
wa02op05no2b_Andante_di_molto |
50 |
118 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Ehsan Mohagheghi Fard (2.3.0) |
AN, EF |
wa02op05no2c_Minuetto |
28 |
59 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1.), Ehsan Mohagheghi Fard (2.3.0) |
AN, EF |
wa02op05no2d_Minore |
24 |
39 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Ehsan Mohagheghi Fard (2.3.0) |
AN, EF |
wa03op05no3a_Allegro |
81 |
191 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Davor Krkljus (2.3.0) |
DK, AN |
wa03op05no3b_Allegretto |
80 |
127 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Ehsan Mohagheghi Fard (2.3.0) |
AN, EF |
wa04op05no4a_Allegro |
117 |
197 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Davor Krkljus (2.3.0) |
DK, AN |
wa04op05no4b_Rondeaux |
69 |
114 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Davor Krkljus (2.3.0) |
DK, AN |
wa05op05no5a_Allegro_Assai |
99 |
209 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Davor Krkljus (2.3.0) |
DK, AN |
wa05op05no5b_Adagio |
55 |
131 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Davor Krkljus (2.3.0) |
DK, AN |
wa05op05no5c_Prestissimo |
102 |
205 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Davor Krkljus (2.3.0) |
DK, AN |
wa06op05no6a_Grave |
62 |
148 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Davor Krkljus (2.3.0) |
DK, AN |
wa06op05no6b_Allegro_Moderato |
77 |
281 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Hanné Becker (2.3.0) |
AN, HB |
wa06op05no6c_Allegretto |
46 |
155 |
2.3.0 |
Adrian Nagel (2.1.1), Hanné Becker (2.3.0) |
AN, HB |
wa07op17no1a_Minuetto_Con_Variatione |
18 |
178 |
2.3.0 |
Amelia Brey |
DK |
wa08op17no2a_Allegro |
121 |
186 |
2.3.0 |
Amelia Brey |
DK |
wa08op17no2b_Andante |
71 |
144 |
2.3.0 |
Amelia Brey |
DK |
wa08op17no2c_Prestissimo |
101 |
216 |
2.3.0 |
Amelia Brey |
DK |
wa09op17no3a_Allegro_Assai |
114 |
268 |
2.3.0 |
Davor Krkljus |
AB |
wa09op17no3b_Allegro |
111 |
186 |
2.3.0 |
Davor Krkljus |
AB |
wa10op17no4a_Allegro |
98 |
226 |
2.3.0 |
Davor Krkljus |
AN |
wa10op17no4b_Presto_Assai |
99 |
119 |
2.3.0 |
Davor Krkljus |
AN |
wa11op17no5a_Allegro |
102 |
214 |
2.3.0 |
Davor Krkljus |
ST |
wa11op17no5b_Presto |
127 |
229 |
2.3.0 |
Davor Krkljus |
ST |
wa12op17no6a_Allegro |
118 |
194 |
2.3.0 |
Amelia Brey |
DK |
wa12op17no6b_Andante |
74 |
166 |
2.3.0 |
Amelia Brey |
DK |
wa12op17no6c_Prestissimo |
105 |
232 |
2.3.0 |
Amelia Brey |
DK |
Overview table automatically updated using ms3.
Further information: