Cadences#

Loading data

Data and software versions
--------------------------

Edvard Grieg – Lyric Pieces version v2.3
Datapackage 'grieg_lyric_pieces' @ v2.3
dimcat version 3.4.0

Dataset
=======
{'inputs': {'basepath': None,
            'packages': {'grieg_lyric_pieces': ["'grieg_lyric_pieces.measures' (MuseScoreFacetName.MuseScoreMeasures)",
                                                "'grieg_lyric_pieces.notes' (MuseScoreFacetName.MuseScoreNotes)",
                                                "'grieg_lyric_pieces.expanded' (MuseScoreFacetName.MuseScoreHarmonies)",
                                                "'grieg_lyric_pieces.chords' (MuseScoreFacetName.MuseScoreChords)",
                                                "'grieg_lyric_pieces.metadata' (FeatureName.Metadata)"]}},
 'outputs': {'basepath': None, 'packages': {}},
 'pipeline': []}

try:
    cadence_labels = D.get_feature("cadencelabels")
except Exception:
    raise ValueError("Corpus has no cadence annotations.")
cadence_labels

			mc	mn	quarterbeats	duration_qb	mc_onset	mn_onset	timesig	staff	voice	volta	...	globalkey	localkey	globalkey_is_minor	localkey_is_minor	globalkey_mode	localkey_mode	localkey_resolved	localkey_and_mode	cadence_type	cadence
corpus	piece	i
grieg_lyric_pieces	op12n01	22	12	12	47/2	0.5	3/8	3/8	2/4	2	1	<NA>	...	Eb	I	False	False	major	major	I	I, major	HC	HC
	op12n01	42	23	23	44	2.0	0	0	2/4	2	1	<NA>	...	Eb	I	False	False	major	major	I	I, major	IAC	IAC
	op12n02	28	18	18	52	2.0	1/4	1/4	3/4	2	1	<NA>	...	a	i	True	True	minor	minor	i	i, minor	HC	HC
		57	36	36	106	2.0	1/4	1/4	3/4	2	1	<NA>	...	a	i	True	True	minor	minor	i	i, minor	HC	HC
		111	70	70	208	2.0	1/4	1/4	3/4	2	1	<NA>	...	a	i	True	True	minor	minor	i	i, minor	HC	HC
	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
	op71n07	8	9	8	22	3.0	0	0	3/4	2	1	<NA>	...	Eb	I	False	False	major	major	I	I, major	PAC	PAC
		30	33	32	94	3.0	0	0	3/4	2	1	<NA>	...	Eb	VII	False	False	major	major	VII	VII, major	PAC	PAC
		38	41	40	118	3.0	0	0	3/4	2	1	<NA>	...	Eb	V	False	False	major	major	V	V, major	PAC	PAC
		50	48	47	141	4.0	1/2	1/2	3/4	2	1	<NA>	...	Eb	I	False	False	major	major	I	I, major	HC	HC
		58	57	56	166	3.0	0	0	3/4	2	1	<NA>	...	Eb	I	False	False	major	major	I	I, major	PAC	PAC

429 rows × 22 columns

cadence_labels.plot_grouped(
    title="Distribution of cadence types over the DLC",
    output=make_output_path("all_cadences_pie"),
    width=1000,
    height=1000,
)

Metadata#

cadence_filter = filters.HasCadenceAnnotationsFilter()
filtered_D = cadence_filter.process(D)

hascadence_metadata = filtered_D.get_metadata()
chronological_corpus_names = hascadence_metadata.get_corpus_names()

cadence_counts = cadence_labels.apply_step("Counter")
cadence_counts.plot_grouped("corpus")

mean_composition_years = (
    hascadence_metadata.groupby(level=0).composed_end.mean().astype(int).sort_values()
)
chronological_corpus_names = hascadence_metadata.get_corpus_names()
bar_data = pd.concat(
    [
        mean_composition_years.rename("year"),
        hascadence_metadata.groupby(level="corpus").size().rename("pieces"),
    ],
    axis=1,
).reset_index()
fig = px.bar(
    bar_data,
    x="year",
    y="pieces",
    color="corpus",
    title="Pieces contained in the dataset",
)
fig.update_traces(width=5)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[9], line 12
chronological_corpus_names = hascadence_metadata.get_corpus_names()
bar_data = pd.concat(
   [
       mean_composition_years.rename("year"),
   (...)     10     axis=1,
).reset_index()
---> 12 fig = px.bar(
   bar_data,
   x="year",
   y="pieces",
   color="corpus",
   title="Pieces contained in the dataset",
)
fig.update_traces(width=5)

File ~/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/plotly/express/_chart_types.py:381, in bar(data_frame, x, y, color, pattern_shape, facet_row, facet_col, facet_col_wrap, facet_row_spacing, facet_col_spacing, hover_name, hover_data, custom_data, text, base, error_x, error_x_minus, error_y, error_y_minus, animation_frame, animation_group, category_orders, labels, color_discrete_sequence, color_discrete_map, color_continuous_scale, pattern_shape_sequence, pattern_shape_map, range_color, color_continuous_midpoint, opacity, orientation, barmode, log_x, log_y, range_x, range_y, text_auto, title, subtitle, template, width, height)
def bar(
   data_frame=None,
   x=None,
   (...)    375     height=None,
) -> go.Figure:
   """
   In a bar plot, each row of `data_frame` is represented as a rectangular
   mark.
   """
--> 381     return make_figure(
       args=locals(),
       constructor=go.Bar,
       trace_patch=dict(textposition="auto"),
       layout_patch=dict(barmode=barmode),
   )

File ~/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/plotly/express/_core.py:2479, in make_figure(args, constructor, trace_patch, layout_patch)
layout_patch = layout_patch or {}
apply_default_cascade(args)
-> 2479 args = build_dataframe(args, constructor)
if constructor in [go.Treemap, go.Sunburst, go.Icicle] and args["path"] is not None:
   args = process_dataframe_hierarchy(args)

File ~/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/plotly/express/_core.py:1727, in build_dataframe(args, constructor)
   args["color"] = None
# now that things have been prepped, we do the systematic rewriting of `args`
-> 1727 df_output, wide_id_vars = process_args_into_dataframe(
   args,
   wide_mode,
   var_name,
   value_name,
   is_pd_like,
   native_namespace,
)
df_output: nw.DataFrame
# now that `df_output` exists and `args` contains only references, we complete
# the special-case and wide-mode handling by further rewriting args and/or mutating
# df_output

File ~/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/plotly/express/_core.py:1328, in process_args_into_dataframe(args, wide_mode, var_name, value_name, is_pd_like, native_namespace)
       if argument == "index":
           err_msg += "\n To use the index, pass it in directly as `df.index`."
-> 1328         raise ValueError(err_msg)
elif length and (actual_len := len(df_input)) != length:
   raise ValueError(
       "All arguments should have the same length. "
       "The length of column argument `df[%s]` is %d, whereas the "
   (...)   1339         )
   )

ValueError: Value of 'color' is not the name of a column in 'data_frame'. Expected one of ['index', 'year', 'pieces'] but received: corpus

Overall#

PAC: Perfect Authentic Cadence
IAC: Imperfect Authentic Cadence
HC: Half Cadence
DC: Deceptive Cadence
EC: Evaded Cadence
PC: Plagal Cadence

print(f"{len(cadence_labels)} cadence labels.")
utils.value_count_df(cadence_labels.cadence)

Per dataset#

all_labels = D.get_feature("harmonylabels")
cadence_count_per_dataset = all_labels.groupby("corpus").cadence.value_counts()
cadence_fraction_per_dataset = (
    cadence_count_per_dataset / cadence_count_per_dataset.groupby(level=0).sum()
)
cadence_fraction_per_dataset = cadence_fraction_per_dataset.rename(
    "fraction"
).reset_index()
cadence_fraction_per_dataset["corpus_name"] = cadence_fraction_per_dataset.corpus.map(
    utils.get_corpus_display_name
)
fig = px.bar(
    cadence_fraction_per_dataset,
    x="corpus_name",
    y="fraction",
    title="Distribution of cadence types per corpus",
    color="cadence",
    color_discrete_map=plotting.CADENCE_COLORS,
    labels=dict(corpus_name="", fraction="Fraction of all cadences"),
    category_orders=dict(corpus_name=chronological_corpus_names),
)
fig.update_layout(**utils.STD_LAYOUT)
save_figure_as(fig, "all_cadences_corpuswise_stacked_bars", height=1000)
fig.show()

fig = px.pie(
    cadence_count_per_dataset.rename("count").reset_index(),
    names="cadence",
    color="cadence",
    values="count",
    facet_col="corpus",
    facet_col_wrap=4,
    height=2000,
    color_discrete_map=plotting.CADENCE_COLORS,
)
fig.for_each_annotation(lambda a: a.update(text=a.text.split("=")[-1]))
fig.update_layout(**utils.STD_LAYOUT)
save_figure_as(fig, "all_cadences_corpuswise_pies")
fig.show()

cadence_count_per_mode = (
    all_labels.groupby("localkey_is_minor").cadence.value_counts().reset_index()
)
cadence_count_per_mode["mode"] = cadence_count_per_mode.localkey_is_minor.map(
    {False: "major", True: "minor"}
)
fig = px.pie(
    cadence_count_per_mode,
    names="cadence",
    color="cadence",
    values="count",
    facet_col="mode",
    height=2000,
    color_discrete_map=plotting.CADENCE_COLORS,
)
fig.for_each_annotation(lambda a: a.update(text=a.text.split("=")[-1]))
fig.update_layout(**utils.STD_LAYOUT)
save_figure_as(fig, "all_cadences_modewise_pies")
fig.show()

corelli = dc.Dataset()
CORELLI_PATH = os.path.abspath(os.path.join("..", "corelli"))
corelli.load(directory=CORELLI_PATH, parse_tsv=False)
annotated_view = corelli.data.get_view("annotated")
annotated_view.include("facets", "expanded")
annotated_view.pieces_with_incomplete_facets = False
corelli.data.set_view(annotated_view)
corelli.data.parse_tsv(choose="auto")
corelli.get_indices()
corelli_labels = corelli.get_facet("expanded")
corelli_cadence_count_per_mode = (
    corelli_labels.groupby("localkey_is_minor").cadence.value_counts().reset_index()
)
corelli_cadence_count_per_mode["mode"] = (
    corelli_cadence_count_per_mode.localkey_is_minor.map(
        {False: "major", True: "minor"}
    )
)
fig = px.pie(
    corelli_cadence_count_per_mode,
    names="cadence",
    color="cadence",
    values="count",
    facet_col="mode",
    height=2000,
    color_discrete_map=plotting.CADENCE_COLORS,
)
fig.for_each_annotation(lambda a: a.update(text=a.text.split("=")[-1]))
fig.update_layout(**utils.STD_LAYOUT)
save_figure_as(fig, "all_corelli_cadences_modewise_pies")
fig.show()

combined_cadences = pd.concat(
    [cadence_count_per_mode, corelli_cadence_count_per_mode],
    keys=["couperin", "corelli"],
    names=["corpus", None],
).reset_index(level=0)
fig = px.pie(
    combined_cadences,
    names="cadence",
    color="cadence",
    values="count",
    facet_col="mode",
    facet_row="corpus",
    height=2000,
    color_discrete_map=plotting.CADENCE_COLORS,
)
fig.for_each_annotation(lambda a: a.update(text=a.text.split("=")[-1]))
updated_layout = dict(utils.STD_LAYOUT, font=dict(size=40))
fig.update_layout(**updated_layout)
save_figure_as(fig, "couperin_corelli_cadences_modewise_pies")
fig.show()

Per phrase#

Number of cadences per phrase#

grouped_by_corpus = groupers.CorpusGrouper().process(D)
segmented = slicers.PhraseSlicer().process_data(grouped_by_corpus)
phrases = segmented.get_slice_info()
phrase_segments = segmented.get_facet("expanded")
phrase_gpb = phrase_segments.groupby(level=[0, 1, 2])
local_keys_per_phrase = phrase_gpb.localkey.unique().map(tuple)
n_local_keys_per_phrase = local_keys_per_phrase.map(len)
phrases_with_keys = pd.concat(
    [
        n_local_keys_per_phrase.rename("n_local_keys"),
        local_keys_per_phrase.rename("local_keys"),
        phrases,
    ],
    axis=1,
)
phrases_with_cadences = pd.concat(
    [
        phrase_gpb.cadence.nunique().rename("n_cadences"),
        phrase_gpb.cadence.unique()
        .rename("cadences")
        .map(lambda arr: tuple(e for e in arr if not pd.isnull(e))),
        phrases_with_keys,
    ],
    axis=1,
)
utils.value_count_df(phrases_with_cadences.n_cadences, counts_column="#phrases")

n_cad = (
    phrases_with_cadences.groupby(level="corpus")
    .n_cadences.value_counts()
    .rename("counts")
    .reset_index()
    .sort_values("n_cadences")
)
n_cad.n_cadences = n_cad.n_cadences.astype(str)
fig = px.bar(
    n_cad,
    x="corpus",
    y="counts",
    color="n_cadences",
    height=800,
    barmode="group",
    labels=dict(n_cadences="#cadences in a phrase"),
    category_orders=dict(dataset=chronological_corpus_names),
)
save_figure_as(fig, "n_cadences_per_phrase_corpuswise_absolute_grouped_bars")
fig.show()

Combinations of cadence types for phrases with more than one cadence#

utils.value_count_df(
    phrases_with_cadences[phrases_with_cadences.n_cadences > 1].cadences
)

Positioning of cadences within phrases#

df_rows = []
y_position = 0
for ix in (
    phrases_with_cadences[phrases_with_cadences.n_cadences > 0]
    .sort_values("duration_qb")
    .index
):
    df = phrase_segments.loc[ix]
    description = str(ix)
    if df.cadence.notna().any():
        interval = ix[2]
        df_rows.append((y_position, interval.length, "end of phrase", description))
        start_pos = interval.left
        cadences = df.loc[df.cadence.notna(), ["quarterbeats", "cadence"]]
        cadences.quarterbeats -= start_pos
        for cadence_x, cadence_type in cadences.itertuples(index=False, name=None):
            df_rows.append((y_position, cadence_x, cadence_type, description))
        y_position += 1
    # else:
    #    df_rows.append((y_position, pd.NA, pd.NA, description))

data = pd.DataFrame(df_rows, columns=["phrase_ix", "x", "marker", "description"])

fig = px.scatter(
    data[data.x.notna()],
    x="x",
    y="phrase_ix",
    color="marker",
    hover_name="description",
    height=3000,
    labels=dict(marker="legend"),
    color_discrete_map=plotting.CADENCE_COLORS,
)
fig.update_traces(marker_size=5)
fig.update_yaxes(autorange="reversed")
save_figure_as(fig, "cadence_positions_within_all_phrases")
fig.show()

Cadence ultima#

phrase_segments = segmented.get_facet("expanded")
cadence_selector = phrase_segments.cadence.notna()
missing_chord_selector = phrase_segments.chord.isna()
cadence_with_missing_chord_selector = cadence_selector & missing_chord_selector
missing = phrase_segments[cadence_with_missing_chord_selector]
expanded = ms3.expand_dcml.expand_labels(
    phrase_segments[cadence_with_missing_chord_selector],
    propagate=False,
    chord_tones=True,
    skip_checks=True,
)
phrase_segments.loc[cadence_with_missing_chord_selector] = expanded
print(
    f"Ultima harmony missing for {(phrase_segments.cadence.notna() & phrase_segments.bass_note.isna()).sum()} cadence "
    f"labels."
)

Ultimae as Roman numeral#

def highlight(row, color="#ffffb3"):
    if row.counts < 10:
        return [None, None, None, None]
    else:
        return ["background-color: {color};"] * 4


cadence_counts = all_labels.cadence.value_counts()
ultima_root = (
    phrase_segments.groupby(["localkey_is_minor", "cadence"])
    .numeral.value_counts()
    .rename("counts")
    .to_frame()
    .reset_index()
)
ultima_root.localkey_is_minor = ultima_root.localkey_is_minor.map(
    {False: "in major", True: "in minor"}
)
# ultima_root.style.apply(highlight, axis=1)

fig = px.pie(
    ultima_root,
    names="numeral",
    values="counts",
    facet_row="cadence",
    facet_col="localkey_is_minor",
    height=1500,
    category_orders={"cadence": cadence_counts.index},
)
fig.for_each_annotation(lambda a: a.update(text=a.text.split("=")[-1]))
fig.update_traces(textposition="inside", textinfo="percent+label")
fig.update_layout(**utils.STD_LAYOUT)
save_figure_as(fig, "ultima_root_distributions_over_cadence_types_maj_min_pies")
fig.show()

# phrase_segments.groupby(level=[0,1,2], group_keys=False).apply(lambda df: df if ((df.cadence == 'PAC') &
# (df.numeral == 'V')).any() else None)

Ultimae bass note as scale degree#

ultima_bass = (
    phrase_segments.groupby(["localkey_is_minor", "cadence"])
    .bass_note.value_counts()
    .rename("counts")
    .reset_index()
)
ultima_bass.bass_note = ms3.transform(
    ultima_bass, ms3.fifths2sd, dict(fifths="bass_note", minor="localkey_is_minor")
)
ultima_bass.localkey_is_minor = ultima_bass.localkey_is_minor.map(
    {False: "in major", True: "in minor"}
)
# ultima_bass.style.apply(highlight, axis=1)

fig = px.pie(
    ultima_bass,
    names="bass_note",
    values="counts",
    facet_row="cadence",
    facet_col="localkey_is_minor",
    height=1500,
    category_orders={"cadence": cadence_counts.index},
)
fig.for_each_annotation(lambda a: a.update(text=a.text.split("=")[-1]))
fig.update_traces(textposition="inside", textinfo="percent+label")
fig.update_layout(**utils.STD_LAYOUT)
save_figure_as(fig, "ultima_degree_distributions_over_cadence_types_maj_min_pies")
fig.show()

Chord progressions#

PACs with ultima I/i#

def remove_immediate_duplicates(lst):
    return tuple(a for a, b in zip(lst, (None,) + lst) if a != b)


def get_progressions(
    selected="PAC",
    last_row={},
    feature="chord",
    dataset=None,
    as_series=True,
    remove_duplicates=False,
):
    """Uses the nonlocal variable phrase_segments."""
    last_row = {k: v if isinstance(v, tuple) else (v,) for k, v in last_row.items()}
    progressions = []

    for (corp, fname, *_), df in phrase_segments[
        phrase_segments[feature].notna()
    ].groupby(level=[0, 1, 2]):
        if dataset is not None and dataset not in corp:
            continue
        if (df.cadence == selected).fillna(False).any():
            # remove chords after the last cadence label
            df = df[df.cadence.bfill().notna()]
            # group segments leading up to a cadence label
            cadence_groups = df.cadence.notna().shift().fillna(False).cumsum()
            for i, cadence in df.groupby(cadence_groups):
                last_r = cadence.iloc[-1]
                typ = last_r.cadence
                if typ != selected:
                    continue
                if any(last_r[feat] not in values for feat, values in last_row.items()):
                    continue
                if remove_duplicates:
                    progressions.append(
                        remove_immediate_duplicates(cadence[feature].to_list())
                    )
                else:
                    progressions.append(tuple(cadence[feature]))
    if as_series:
        return pd.Series(progressions, dtype="object")
    return progressions

chord_progressions = get_progressions("PAC", dict(numeral=("I", "i")), "chord")
print(f"Progressions for {len(chord_progressions)} cadences:")
utils.value_count_df(chord_progressions, "chord progressions")

numeral_progressions = get_progressions("PAC", dict(numeral=("I", "i")), "numeral")
utils.value_count_df(numeral_progressions, "numeral progressions")

numeral_prog_no_dups = numeral_progressions.map(remove_immediate_duplicates)
utils.value_count_df(numeral_prog_no_dups)

PACs ending on scale degree 1#

Scale degrees expressed w.r.t. major scale, regardless of actual key.

bass_progressions = get_progressions("PAC", dict(bass_note=0), "bass_note")
bass_prog = bass_progressions.map(ms3.fifths2sd)
print(f"Progressions for {len(bass_progressions)} cadences:")
utils.value_count_df(bass_prog, "bass progressions")

bass_prog_no_dups = bass_prog.map(remove_immediate_duplicates)
utils.value_count_df(bass_prog_no_dups)

def progressions2graph_data(progressions, cut_at_stage=None):
    stage_nodes = defaultdict(dict)
    edge_weights = Counter()
    node_counter = 0
    for progression in progressions:
        previous_node = None
        for stage, current in enumerate(reversed(progression)):
            if cut_at_stage and stage > cut_at_stage:
                break
            if current in stage_nodes[stage]:
                current_node = stage_nodes[stage][current]
            else:
                stage_nodes[stage][current] = node_counter
                current_node = node_counter
                node_counter += 1
            if previous_node is not None:
                edge_weights.update([(current_node, previous_node)])
            previous_node = current_node
    return stage_nodes, edge_weights


def plot_progressions(progressions, cut_at_stage=None, **kwargs):
    stage_nodes, edge_weights = progressions2graph_data(
        progressions, cut_at_stage=cut_at_stage
    )
    return utils.graph_data2sankey(stage_nodes, edge_weights, **kwargs)

Chordal roots for the 3 last stages#

fig = plot_progressions(
    numeral_prog_no_dups,
    cut_at_stage=3,
    font=dict(size=30),
)
save_figure_as(fig, "last_3_roots_before_pacs_ending_on_1_sankey", height=800)
fig.show()

Complete chords for the last four stages in major#

pac_major = get_progressions("PAC", dict(numeral="I", localkey_is_minor=False), "chord")
fig = plot_progressions(pac_major, cut_at_stage=4)
save_figure_as(fig, "last_4_stages_before_pacs_in_major_sankey")
fig.show()

Bass degrees for the last 6 stages.#

fig = plot_progressions(bass_prog_no_dups, cut_at_stage=7)
save_figure_as(fig, "last_7_degrees_before_pacs_ending_on_1_sankey")
fig.show()

Bass degrees without accidentals#

def remove_sd_accidentals(t):
    return tuple(map(lambda sd: sd[-1], t))


bass_prog_no_acc_no_dup = bass_prog.map(remove_sd_accidentals).map(
    remove_immediate_duplicates
)
fig = plot_progressions(bass_prog_no_acc_no_dup, cut_at_stage=7)
save_figure_as(fig, "last_7_degrees_before_pacs_ending_on_1_without_accdentals_sankey")
fig.show()

HCs ending on V#

half = get_progressions("HC", dict(numeral="V"), "bass_note").map(ms3.fifths2sd)
print(f"Progressions for {len(half)} cadences:")
fig = plot_progressions(half.map(remove_immediate_duplicates), cut_at_stage=5)
save_figure_as(fig, "last_7_degrees_before_hcs_ending_on_V_sankey")
fig.show()